Frederick McKinley Jones

Frederick McKinley Jones Frederick McKinley Jones was one of the most prolific black inventors and held over 60 patents at the time of his death. Some of his most important work changed the way we store and transport our food, and altered the transportation and grocery industries forever. Fast Facts: Frederick McKinley Jones Born: May 17, 1893 in Cincinnati, OhioDied: February 21, 1961 in Minneapolis, MinnesotaKnown For: Inventor who revolutionized the refrigeration industry and held over 60 patentsEducation: Orphaned at a young age, Jones had little formal education, but he taught himself automobile mechanics and became an engineerAwards and Honors: First African American elected to the  American  Society  of Refrigeration Engineers, and first African American to be awarded a National  Medal  of Technology (posthumously)   Early Years A native of Cincinnati, Ohio, Frederick McKinley Jones was born on May 17, 1893, to an Irish father, John Jones, and an African American mother. By the time he was 7 years old, his mother had deserted the family, and his father sent him to live with a Catholic priest in a rectory in Covington, Kentucky, just across the Ohio River from Cincinnati. While in Kentucky, young Fredericks father passed away, essentially leaving him an orphan. When he was 11, Jones decided hed had enough of living with the priest, so he ran away and returned to Cincinnati. During his teen years, he found work doing odd jobs around the city, and soon found he had a natural aptitude for automobile mechanics. He also began to read a lot, although he had little formal education. At 19, he traveled north to a farm in Hallock, Minnesota, where he took a job doing mechanical labor on the farm machinery, and soon was able to obtain an engineering license. When war broke out, Jones enlisted in the U.S. Army, where he was in high demand for his mechanical abilities. He spent much of the war making repairs to machines and other equipment, as well as maintaining communications systems at the front. After his military service ended, he returned to the farm in Minnesota. Inventions While living at the Hallock farm, Jones began to take an interest in electronics, and read as much as he could on the subject. According to Biography.com, When the town decided to fund a new radio station, Jones built the transmitter needed to broadcast its programming. He also developed a device to combine  moving  pictures with sound. Local businessman Joseph A. Numero subsequently hired Jones to improve the sound equipment he produced for the film industry. Numeros company, Cinema Supplies, was excited about Jones inventions, and within a few years, the two of them would form a partnership. Frederick McKinley Jones, inventor, refrigeration expert and cofounder of Thermo King Corp., holding a model of his refrigerated railroad car. Bettmann Archive / Getty Images Mobile Refrigeration In the 1930s, it was risky to transport perishable products. Grocery shipments were typically limited to short distances; ice melted quickly, and any sort of  electronic refrigeration unit required a layover at a power source, which delayed delivery time. However, by 1938, Jones believed he had found a solution, and in 1940 he obtained a patent for the first practical transport refrigeration unit for the trucking industry. Jones designed a portable air-cooling device, which included an undercarriage gasoline motor sturdy enough to handle the jolts of long-distance travel. Early modifications made the units even smaller and lighter, and moved them to the over-the-cab mount that is still in use on refrigeration trucks today. Suddenly, people in rural or isolated areas could have access to fresh produce, meat, and dairy items all year long. Further advancements soon led to standardized refrigerated containers which could be utilized on a truck, ship, or train, all without the need of unloading and repacking. The transport refrigeration industry boomed with the creation of these refrigerated boxcars, all of which used Jones technology. Together with Numero, who sold Cinema Supplies, Jones formed the U.S. Thermo Control Company, which grew rapidly in the 1940s. During World War II, the company provided refrigeration units that were used to help preserve not only food, but also blood and medicine for the military. In addition, U.S. Thermo Control cooling products were built into the cockpits of bombers and ambulance planes, and also provided air conditioning to personnel in field hospitals. Near the end of the war, Jones became the first African American inducted into the  American  Society  of Refrigeration Engineers, and by 1949, U.S. Thermo Control- which later became Thermo King- was worth several million dollars. Throughout the 1950s, Jones did consultant work for the Department of Defense, the Bureau of Standards, and other branches of the government. Although he is best known for his work with refrigeration units, during his lifetime, Frederick Jones patented over 60 inventions. He created X-ray machines, small and large engines, and sound equipment for radio and film production, generators, and even a machine that dispensed paper tickets. Jones passed away in Minneapolis, after a battle with lung cancer, on February 21, 1961. In 1977, he was inducted into the Minnesota Inventors Hall of Fame. Thirty years after his death, President George H.W. Bush awarded the National  Medal  of Technology posthumously to Jones and Numero, presenting the awards to their widows in the White House Rose Garden. Jones was the first African American to receive the National  Medal  of Technology. Sources â€Å"Frederick Jones.†Ã‚  Biography.com, AE Networks Television, 19 Jan. 2018, www.biography.com/people/frederick-jones-21329957.â€Å"Frederick McKinley Jones.†Ã‚  The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th Ed, Encyclopedia.com, 2019, www.encyclopedia.com/people/science-and-technology/technology-biographies/frederick-mckinley-jones.â€Å"Frederick McKinley Jones.†Ã‚  Invent.org, National Inventors Hall of Fame, 2007, www.invent.org/hall_of_fame/343.html.â€Å"Frederick McKinley Jones: How Has He Transformed the Scene?†Ã‚  Richard G. (Gurley) Drew, www.msthalloffame.org/frederick_mckinley_jones.htm.

Impact of Technology on Customers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Impact of Technology on Customers - Essay Example that investing a significant amount of money on new technology could cause severe losses for the organization if the relevant investment is not paid back within a particular period of time. Current paper focuses on the new technology that Macy’s introduced to its customers. This technology incorporates a wide range of advanced technological features, such as digital receipts and free Wi-Fi. The initial responses of the firm’s customers to this technology seem to be positive, at least as revealed through the reports developed in regard to this issue. In the near future, a more accurate view of the effectiveness of new technology introduced in Macy’s would be available. Taking into consideration the existing findings in regard to this project, as presented below, it could be noted that the particular initiatives have significantly supported the performance of the organization helping towards the improvement of its relationship with its customers. In Macy’s the introduction of new technology was considered as the most effective method for improving the relationship between the firm and its customers. The term ‘new technology’, as used in the case of Macy’s refers to a wide range of features of advanced technology and not to just one technology. In this way, it is expected that the firm will acquire an advantage towards its rivals, a target that has been achieved, as proved by the performance of the firm up to now. Currently, the firm’s stores have been estimated to 850, operating under the name of Macy’s and Bloomingdales (Business Wire 2011). The successful implementation of new technology in all the firm’s stores can be characterized as a challenging task, even if the capital availability of the organization is significant, taking into consideration the fact that in 2010 the sales of the firm reached the $25 billion (Business Wire 2011). ‘free Wi-Fi, digital receipts, cosmetics kiosks and computer tablets for product demonstrations and

Business plan for a restaurant Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business plan for a restaurant - Assignment Example This group of eight family run restaurants operating in northern California has been undergoing difficulties dealing with human resource issues. The operations manager doubles up as the human resource manager and embarks on a tedious process of physical inspection of the human resource requirements and problems of all the eight restaurants. Not only is this a time consuming and tiring process, the operations manager has also realized that it is costly and very inefficient. Therefore this plan presents a possible solution to the problem in the form of the implementation of an information system which will effectively aid the human resource manager with his operations thus allowing for efficiency and company growth. The restaurant industry is quite competitive with northern California being a haven for great restaurants. It is essential for one to cut a niche in the market and this can only be done if the various organizational resources are effectively managed. The replacement of the current manual system with an automated one will enable the company to manage its employees effectively allowing for good record handling, proper and easy scheduling, and effective communication within the organization. This will see an improvement in business processes which will culminate in the growth of the business reflected as higher profits. Introduction The implementation of an Information system is a vital part of business process transformation. For a business to succeed various steps must be taken to ensure that business process support and improvement is achieved. The use of a Human resource information system is a sure way of attaining this. A human resource information system will ensure that human resource functions are effectively managed by information technology hence creating an environment for profit making and business growth through efficient service provision and management. The human resource department is charged with the responsibility of payroll processing , employee recruitment and employee appraisals. These functions are increasingly becoming complex and thus require sufficient support. Automation of such a department, through the use of information technology, will ensure that the workload is sufficiently reduced and access to information is easy and quick. This business plan examines the effective role of implementing a human resource information system by performing a business analysis that will present the inefficiency of a manual system, and presenting a possible solution in the form of a human resource information system that can be implemented. Company Review The Castle Family Restaurants, a group of eight restaurants in northern California run by the Castle family, is a big employer of both part time and full time employees. It has employed more than 300 employees most of whom are on a part time basis as only 30% of these employees work on a full time basis. The operations manager usually has her hands full as she makes seve ral visits to all the restaurants managed by the group to perform human resource administrative duties such as employee recruitment, appraisals, payroll processing among other functions. This manual process of performing human resource functions is quite costly and very inefficient. Therefore there is a great need for improvement in order to eliminate the

How Does The Bus Topology Works Information Technology Essay

How Does The Bus Topology Works Information Technology Essay The bus topology is a series of nodes which are all connected to a backbone. Bus networks typically work well for smaller networks and use Ethernet cables for networking. It is easy to maintain and troubleshoot in a bus network. How does the BUS topology works : The bus topology connects each computer on the network into something called the segment trunk. A bus is usually referred to a cable that connects end to end and this is used to transmit the signals from one end to the other end. At every end a terminator is placed so that it understands in which direction the data is traveling and also the terminator is used to absorb the signals Figure 1 : BUS topology ii. Star topology : A star topology is based on a central node which acts as a hub. A star topology is common in homes networks where all the computers connect to the single central computer using it as a hub. How does the Star topology works : A star network features a central connection point called a hub that may be a hub, switch or router. Devices typically connect to the hub with Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Ethernet. Compared to the bus topology, a star network generally requires more cable, but a failure in any star network cable will only take down one computers network access and not the entire LAN. Figure 2 : Star topology iii. Ring topology : A ring network is circular in shape and every node will have one node on either side of it. The ring topology is rare to come across because of its limitations. If there is damaged cable or breakdown in any one of the nodes then the entire network stops functioning. How does the Ring topology works : A ring network is a network topology in which each node connects to exactly two other nodes, forming a single continuous pathway for signals through each node a ring. Data travels from node to node, with each node along the way handling every packet. Because a ring topology provides only one pathway between any two nodes, ring networks may be disrupted by the failure of a single link. Figure 3 : Ring topology iv. Mesh topology : Mesh topology is a group of nodes which are all connected to each other and many types of connections are possible in a mesh topology How does the Mesh topology works : In a Mesh Network every node is connected to other nodes on the network through hops. Some are connected through single hops and some may be connected with more than one hope. While the data is traveling on the Mesh Network it is automatically configured to reach the destination by taking the shortest route which means the least number of hops. Figure 4 : Mesh topology v. Tree topology: The tree topology is a group of star networks put together. The only difference is that the tree topology follows a hierarchy in structure and the entire tree is dependent on this hierarchy. How does the Tree topology works : Among all the Network Topologies we can derive that the Tree Topology is a combination of the bus and the Star Topology. The tree like structure allows you to have many servers on the network and you can branch out the network in many ways. Figure 5 : Tree topology Task -1 (b) The advantages and disadvantages for each medium of network topology. Some of medium are cat5, cat6, fiber optic, coaxial cable etc. Cat5 : Category 5 cable is a twisted pair high signal integrity cable type often referred to as Cat5 or Cat-5. Most cables are unshielded, relying on the twisted pair design for noise rejection, and some are shielded. Figure 6 : Cat5 Cable This category of UTP cable is the most commonly used cable in present day networks. It consists of four twisted pairs and is used in those Ethernet networks that run at the speed of 100 Mbps. Category 5 cable can also provide a higher speed of up to 1000 Mbps. Cat6 : Category 6 cable, commonly referred to as Cat-6, is a cable standard for Gigabit Ethernet and other network protocols that are backward compatible with the Category 5/5e and Category 3 cable standards. Compared with Cat-5 and Cat-5e, Cat-6 features more stringent specifications for crosstalk and system noise. Figure 7 : Cat6 Advantages : Cat 6 will be very effective in the residential market to support higher Internet access speeds. The better balance of cat6 will make it easier to meet the residential EMC requirements compared to cat 5e cabling. The growth of streaming media applications to the home will increase the need for higher data rates which are supported more easily and efficiently by category 6 cabling. Disadvantages : It transfer data in Gigabytes per seconds. It is costly. Fiber optic cable : Fiber optic cables are made up of glass, and they transmit data in the form of light, unlike the copper wire that uses electrical signals. A reflective coating that allows light beams to travel without outer interference covers the glass cable. Figure 8 : Fiber optic cables The advantages of Fiber optic cables are that signals can be sent at a much higher speed and to very long distances without the risk of outer interference. There are more advantages of fiber optic cables are : System Performance Greatly increased bandwidth and capacity Lower signal attenuation (loss) Immunity to Electrical Noise No crosstalk Lower bit error rates Signal Security Difficult to tap Overall System Economy Low per-channel cost Lower installation cost Disadvantages of fiber optic cable : One problems with optical fibers is that the electrical information signals must be converted (modulated) to light at the transmitter and then down converted (demodulated) from light back to electrical signals at the receiver. The main disadvantage of fiber optics is that the cables are expensive to install and are more fragile than metal wire and are more difficult to split. Coaxial cable : Coaxial cable, or coax, is an electrical cable with an inner conductor surrounded by a tubular insulating layer typically of a flexible material with a high dielectric constant, all of which are surrounded by a conductive layer called the shield, and finally covered with a thin insulating layer on the outside. Figure 9 : Coaxial cable Advantages of coaxial cables are : Coax has a sufficient frequency range to support multiple channels, which allows for much greater throughput. Compared to twisted-pair, coax provides greater bandwidth systemwide, and it also offers greater bandwidth for each channel. Because it has greater bandwidth per channel, it supports a mixed range of services. Voice, data, and even video and multimedia can benefit from the enhanced capacity. Disadvantages of coaxial cables are : More expensive than twisted pairs and is not supported for some network standards (eg token ring), its also very bulky and also has high attenuation so would have the need to implement repeaters etc. Task 1 (c) From our above investigation and determination that BUSS topology is too much vulnerable. Ring topology creates too much redundant link. MASS topology is more expensive and difficult to install. So Star topology will be the best solution for the network of the headquarter of police department in Townsville. Because, according to our investigation here are the key points. Good performance; Reliable (if one connection fails, it doesnt affect others); Easy to replace, install or remove hosts or other devices. There are several medium we have found but we have decided to use Cat6 cable as medium for this network. TASK 2 Task 2 (a) After investigate I have many internet service in my country. The Internet Services are : Broadband Internet Service, Fiber Optic Internet Services, Radio Link Internet Services, WiFi etc. Broadband Internet Service : Broadband Internet access, often shortened to just broadband, is a high data rate Internet access-. Fiber Optic Internet Service : An optical fiber is a glass or plastic fiber that carries light along its length. fiber optics is the overlap of applied science and engineering concerned with the design and application of optical fibers. Radio Link Internet Service : Radio Link Protocol (RLP) is an automatic repeat request (ARQ) fragmentation protocol used over a wireless (typically cellular) air interface WiFi Technology : Wi-Fi works with no physical wired connection between sender and receiver by using radio frequency (RF) technology, a frequency within the electromagnetic spectrum associated with radio wave propagation. When an RF current is supplied to an antenna, an electromagnetic field is created that then is able to propagate through space. The cornerstone of any wireless network is an access point (AP). But I think it will be best to use Fiber Optic Internet Services for the police department of Townsville. Because, it has so many advantages and this may be the best way for the police department of Townsville. Task 2 (b) The police department in Townsville needs an own server to maintain their all information that are so confidential. If they use other server then that confidential data may be lost. Server needs to high configured PC with high speed Internet speed, cooling system (because, all time the server will be opened), a big storages and finally it requires the best and secure operating system such as Linux or Windows 200 Server. There are different people in the headquarter house who needs different type of internet connection based on their designation and responsibility. Here is a comparison list of each person to show what internet connection is required for whom. The Chief Constable The Chief Constable, who is responsible for the policing of that area, needs more powerful configuration than others. He needs 2 MBPS internet speed. The assistant Chief Constable The assistant Chief Constable assist to the Chief Constable and he needs higher configuration than others but lower than the Chief Constable a little bit. It needs 1 MBPS internet speed. District Commander The policing in each district is the responsibility of a district command. They need 512KBPS internet speed. Deputy District Commander The deputy district command assist to the district commander. They need 512 KBPS internet speed. For sergeants and constables Each district has three sergeants and twenty four constables allocated to it. And they need also 512 KBPS internet speed. The police officers Each district has five police car to patrolling the area and responding the incidents. The police officer also patrols the local area on foot. The police officer needs 512 KBPS for it. A large office Each district has its own large office within the headquarters building and requires a workstation for each district commander and for each deputy district commander. They need 512KBPS for their job. Detective Chief Inspector They need 1 MBPS internet speeds also. Because, they need to search, make a report, send and get any information easily and quickly. Detective Inspector The detective inspector assist to the Detective Chief Inspector. So they also heed 1 MPBS internet speeds. The civilian staff The police department also has twenty civilian staff, responsible for general administration work including operating the telephone system and general administration duties. They need 512 KBPS internet speed. Task 2 (c) There are so many Internet Service Provider (ISP) in Bangladesh. Such as : Accesstel.net : http://www.accesstel.net/home.php it has the best package that name Corporate High-Speed Internet. Bangladesh Online : http://www.bol-online.com/ Bijoy Online Limited : http://www.bijoy.net/ Grameen Cyber Net Limited : http://www.gclweb.net/ Dhaka Com : http://www.dhakacom.com/ Task 2 (d) I recommend to use Accesstel.net for Internet Service Providers (ISP). Because, they have more facilities with low price. TASK-3 Task-3 (a) Characteristics of Private Mobile Radio (PMR) : Provides, for example, taxi firms with local radio communications on a single channel. Communications are half duplex, so this requires strict operating procedures to control conversation (for example use of key words such as over and out). Requires a license from the appropriate government department. Bandwidth and channel availability is limited. Coverage area is limited. Disadvantages of PMR : Lack of privacy as all communications take place on a single channel that anyone with a suitable radio receiver can listen to. Coverage limitations (25 km radius max). Generally, PRM services have only one base station covering the area of operation of the company. If a mobile unit exceeds these boundaries communications are lost. Public Trunked Mobile Radio (PTMR) : PTMR was originally designed for voice communications but it can also support data. It communication area half duplex. Characteristics of PTMR : The prime application suited to PTMR is vehicle fleet communications. Half duplex voice communication is provided, using over and out etc. to control conversation flow. Some PTMR radio sets have a data port, usually RS-232. Data is transmitted at 1.2 Kbit/s. Task-3 (b) Legal requirements are : Requirements of frequencies For omni directional and point to multi-point system Sl Symbol Frequency Range (Lower Limit Exclusive, Upper Limit Inclusive) 1 VLF 3~30 KHz 200.00 2 LF 30~300 KHz 200.00 3 MF 300~3000KHz 200.00 4 HF 3~30 MHz 300.00 5 VHF 30~300 MHz 100.00 6 UHF1 300~1000 MHz 50.00 7 UHF2 1000~3000 MHz 30.00 8 SHF 3~16 GHz 20.00 9 SHF2 EHF1 16~65 GHz 10.00 10 EHF2 65~300 GHz 1.00 1 VLF 3~30 KHz 200.00 2 LF 30~300 KHz 200.00 3 MF 300~3000KHz 200.00 4 HF 3~30 MHz 300.00 5 VHF 30~300 MHz 100.00 6 UHF1 300~1000 MHz 50.00 7 UHF2 1000~3000 MHz 30.00 8 SHF 3~16 GHz 20.00 9 SHF2 EHF1 16~65 GHz 10.00 10 EHF2 65~300 GHz 1.00 1 VLF 3~30 KHz 200.00 2 LF 30~300 KHz 200.00 3 MF 300~3000KHz 200.00 4 HF 3~30 MHz 300.00 5 VHF 30~300 MHz 100.00 6 UHF1 300~1000 MHz 50.00 7 UHF2 1000~3000 MHz 30.00 8 SHF 3~16 GHz 20.00 9 SHF2 EHF1 16~65 GHz 10.00 10 EHF2 65~300 GHz 1.00 1 VLF 3~30 KHz 200.00 2 LF 30~300 KHz 200.00 3 MF 300~3000KHz 200.00 4 HF 3~30 MHz 300.00 For UHF, M/W, EHF point to point links per year basis Sl Frequency Range (Lower Limit Exclusive, Upper Limit Inclusive) 1 UHF 1 ~3 GHz 2 M/W 3 GHz ~16 GHz 3 M/W 16 GHz ~65 GHz 4 M/W 65 GHz ~100 GHz 5 Above 100 GHz Requirements of license Srl Category of Licence License Remarks 01 International Gateway (IGW) Services 4 including BTCL 02 Interconnection Exchange (ICX) Services 3 including BTCL 03 International Internet Gateway (IIG) Services 2 including BTCL 04 Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) 2 05 Cellular Mobile Telecom Operator 6 including Taletalk 06 Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) Operator 14 including BTCL 07 Nationwide Telecommunication Transmission Network (NTTN) Services Provider 2 08 Nationwide Optical Fibre Telecommunication Transmission Network 1 09 Pre-Paid Card Service Operator 2 10 Vehicle Tracking Services 3 11 Internet Protocol Telephony Service Provider Nationwide 26 12 Internet Protocol Telephony Service Provider Central Zone 4 13 Internet Protocol Telephony Service Provider Zonal 3 14 Internet Service Provider Nationwide 101 15 Internet Service Provider Central Zone 81 16 Internet Service Provider Zonal 54 17 Internet Service Provider Category A 102 18 Internet Service Provider Category B 16 19 Internet Service Provider Category C 5 20 VSAT User 53 21 VSAT Provider 14 22 VSAT Provider with HUB 5 23 Call Centre 315 24 Hosted Call Centre 58 25 Hosted Call Centre Service Provider 47 26 International Call Centre 2 Total Number of Present Licenses 925 Task-3 (c) Requirements of some equipment are : Space/Ground/Land; House/Room; Wireless; Handsets; Cable; Transmitter etc. The estimation cost for everything to setup this system Frequency cost 200 taka or more for per Khz in per year. Equipment cost around 1000000 taka. So, total estimating cost around 10,000000 or above. Task-3 (d) Limitation of PMR : Lack of privacy; Coverage limitations (25 km radium max); Congestion, as many users are assigned to a single channel. Limitation of PTMR : It has time limitation, if large amounts of data have to be transmitted. Task-3 (e) I recommend using Private Mobile Radio (PMR) to set up voice communication. Because, it has not noise, cost efficiency, frequency rate good, international standard, Confidentiality etc. TASK 4 Task 4 (a) The main equipment that would be installed are : Telephone instruments. Private Branch Exchanges (PBXs). Key Telephone Systems (KTSs). Automatic Call Distribution (ACD) systems. Voice Processing Systems. Telephone Answering Machines. Telephone Call Information Loggers (CIL). Facsimile Machines. Modems. Local Area Network (LAN) Bridges. Local Area Network (LAN) Routers. Multiplexers. Task 4 (b) The available features for this systems are : PBXs A private branch exchange (PBX) is a telephone exchange that serves a particular business or office, as opposed to one that a common carrier or telephone company operates for many businesses or for the general public. PBXs are also referred to as: * PABX private automatic branch exchange * EPABX electronic private automatic branch exchange Figure 10 How PBX works Features of PBXs : Account Code: Account code for dialing calls Alternate Number Ring: Assign a different number to same line that rings with a different cadence Attendant: Main Operator extension Autodialer: Support multiple autodialing techniques Automatic Attendant PBX Automatic Line Selection Automatic Hold PBX Automatic Redial Automated directory: Automatically connect to an extension by name Automatic Call Distribution: ACD Barge-In: Allow an extension to break into a call at another extension Billed Calls Only: Outgoing calls must be collect or 3rd-party billed Boss-secretary functions: The bosses phone and the secretarys phone are linked togheter PBX Busy Ring Call Back Call Center: Organizations using PBX technology Call Forwarding: Redirects all incoming calls towards other extension Call Monitoring Call Recording Call Return: Call Through: Service for savings on local interconnect charges Call Transfer: Hand a call off to another extension Call Trace: mark a call in system logs as requiring tracing or special attention Call Park: Place a call on hold and allow anyone to dial an extension and take the call Call Pickup: Take a parked call off hold KTSs A key system or key telephone system is a multiline telephone system typically used in small office environments. Key was a Bell System term of art for a manually operated switch, such as the line-buttons on the phones associated with such systems. A key system was originally distinguished from a private branch exchange (PBX) in that it allowed the station user to see and control the calls directly, manually, using lighted line buttons. Key systems are noted for their expandability and having individual line selection buttons for each connected phone line, however some features of a private branch exchange such as dialable intercoms may also commonly be present. Key systems can be built using three principal architectures: * Electromechanical shared-control * Electronic shared-control * Independent keysets The features of KTSs : 1. AUTOMATED ATTENDANT/VOICE ANNOUNCEMENT allows you to record a greeting (20 second maximum) that the incoming caller will hear after one ring. The caller may then select one of the options offered in the recording which will ring the extension of the desired party. A typical business recording might be Thank you for calling LeePhones.com. 2. AUTOMATIC FAX RECOGNITION when utilizing the AUTOMATED ATTENDANT, the system will recognize an incoming fax, and will automatically route to the fax machines extension. This feature saves you money by freeing up dedicated fax lines for voice or other uses. 3. AUTO ANSWER allows extensions with a key phone to receive internal intercom calls directly through their speaker phone without having to pickup the handset. 4. INTERCOM allows private communication between system users. IPS Key Telephones can dial another internal extension by simply pressing the button or key associated with the other extension . 5. DIRECT CALLER ACCESS TO EXTENSIONS when utilizing the AUTOMATED ATTENDANT, the incoming caller may, upon hearing the recorded greeting, connect to any desired extension by dialing the three digit extension number (100 to 107 on the IPS308, 100 to 115 on the IPS416) 6. SYSTEM PROGRAMMING VIA PC OR PHONE one of the most significant features of the IPS is the ability to program its features utilizing the IPS programming software. The softwares graphics, help menus, and cue cards make programming simple from start to finish. 7. CALLER ID (requires caller id option and an IPS Key Telephone) displays incoming caller name and number on all Key Telephones with display. 8. MUSIC ON HOLD a micro-mini input port on the IPS may be connected to any external music source (tape, CD, radio, or continuous play advertising message) to provide background sound for incoming callers while transferring to a desired extension or while remaining on hold. 9. ALARM CLOCK allows an extension to preset a specified time for a reminder ring or wake-up call. Task 4 (c) The cost of equipment and installation : There are user who will use these equipments The Chief Constable The assistant Chief Constable District Commander Deputy District Commander Sergeants and constables The police officers Detective Chief Inspector Detective Inspector The civilian staff Equipment Users with quantity Quantity Price (tk) Telephone instruments The Chief Constable 5 The assistant Chief Constable 3 District Commander 3 Deputy District Commander 3 Sergeants and constables 3 The police officers 2 Detective Chief Inspector 4 Detective Inspector 3 The civilian staff 2 28 70,000 Private Branch Exchanges (PBXs) The Chief Constable 1 Detective Chief Inspector 1 2 1,58,482 Key Telephone Systems (KTSs) The Chief Constable 1 The assistant Chief Constable 1 District Commander 1 Deputy District Commander 1 Sergeants and constables 1 The police officers 1 Detective Chief Inspector 1 Detective Inspector 1 The civilian staff 1 9 15,752 Automatic Call Distribution (ACD) systems The Chief Constable 1 The assistant Chief Constable 1 Chief Inspector 1 Detective Inspector 1 4 9252 Voice Processing Systems The Chief Constable 1 The assistant Chief Constable 1 District Commander 1 Deputy District Commander 1 Detective Chief Inspector 1 Detective Inspector 1 6 1,72,000 Telephone Answering Machines The Chief Constable 1 The assistant Chief Constable 1 District Commander 1 Deputy District Commander 1 Detective Chief Inspector 1 5 15,000 Telephone Call Information Loggers (CIL) The Chief Constable 1 The assistant Chief Constable 1 District Commander 1 The police officers 1 Detective Chief Inspector 1 5 44,5000 Facsimile Machines The Chief Constable 1 Detective Chief Inspector 1 2 5,500 Modems The Chief Constable 1 The assistant Chief Constable 1 District Commander 1 Deputy District Commander 1 Sergeants and constables 1 The police officers 1 Detective Chief Inspector 1 Detective Inspector 1 The civilian staff 1 9 36,000 Local Area Network (LAN) Bridges Just two bridges can be supported for all. 2 10,500 Local Area Network (LAN) Routers Just two routers can be supported for all. 2 45,00 Multiplexers 5 1,17,250 Total Cost : 754784.00 Task 4 (d) The cost of operating the system : Actually this system will be so much benefited. It needs so much high configuration system. The estimated cost for this system about 7,54,784.00 taka or more. Task 4 (e) I described both of two systems. But I will recommend to use PBXs. Because, it has so many advantages. The advantages of PBX are : 1. It is much easier to install and configure than a normal home line. Anyone that can handle a computer and is familiar with Windows features can install it. If you are familiar with networking computers is in good shape. You dont have to have someone come out to your location and install and hook things up. It is in your hands and not in someone elses. 2. It is easier to manage. IP PBX can be managed in a web based configuration interface or a GUI. This allows you to fine tune and maintain you phone system. Once again, if you are dealing with a regular home line you have to rely on a technician. 3. Significant cost savings when you use voip service providers. This is a big deal right now as we are all trying to cut back and save money. You can easily connect phone systems between branches and make free phone calls. 4. You can eliminate phone wiring. This is something that can bring a comfort to a business owner. Software phones can be installed directly onto the computer. You can now have much more control over adding and moving of extensions in your office. In new offices you can eliminate the extra ports completely. 5. Eliminate vendor lock in. This is exciting because you are now taking your phone services into your own hands and you dont have to make decisions based on one company. You can mix and match in order to gain the best savings. Task 5 Police Department Automation To, Police Department Headquarter Introduction: To develop a new automation system for Townsville Police Department I have investigate to find the best network topology among many topologies and recommend one topology that suits best for police department. Summary: In the above investigation I have tried to find the most convenient system for police department. Here are the key points that I found: Among various topologies Star Topology will be the best solution to setup the network for the police department. Investigating the best network medium for the network. Investigating for best internet connection and connection that may require operating the system smoothly. Investigating in details the methods of operating two-way voice communication, the legal requirements to setup two-way voice communication, costs, limitation of each system etc. The main equipment for the telephone system that would be installed, each systems features, cost of equipment installation and operating it. Strength of this report: The strengths of the report are: There are many networks type I have shown, we can easily determine which one is best for this type network Details breakdown Well organized and readable and understandable by non-technical people. Costs break-down of the system setup. Weekness of this report: There some weakness in my report and investigation. To collect data I have faced many difficulties. Also there is no system in my country that run this or similar type network. I could do well if could get some more time. Assumption: Costs Some network equipments etc. Conclusion When I was doing this assignment, I got many difficulties which I got solved from discussion with others and from my teacher help. I have tried to gather as much as detailed information.

American Connector Company Essay

American Connector Corporation makes electrical connectors at a plant in Sunnyvale, California. With applications from military, aerospace to consumer electronics and appliances, there is great difference in terms of specifications also. Standard designs were established by International Institute of Connectors and Interconnect Technology, the National Electronics Distributors Association or by the end user. There is rumor of entry of DJC Corporation of Japan which was a dominant supplier of electrical connectors in Japan. DJC had not established itself in the US as it had no plants in the US and but a small sales force. This created problem for ACC who also had problems of their own with regard to Sunnyvale plant where costs were increasing and quality of production was decreasing. Threat of DJC to American Connector Company Due to the operational excellence that DJC has, ACC should be extremely concerned with their entrance to the US. DJC will be willing to operate at smaller margins to capture the market share. The intensity of the market competitiveness can result in compounding of the threat of the lower prices. ACC will have a limited amount of time for the realization of this threat and to evaluate the next course of action. Main threat to ACC from DJC comes from the operational efficiency and static cost difference and hence disregarding the arrival of unnerving competitor like DJC can immediately disrupt ACC’s pricing strategy and long term profitability. Following factors reinforces the threat of DJC to ACC- (1) Lower Material products cost – Following table shows that cost incurred by DJC as compared to ACC is lower in both the years 1986 and 1991. In 1986, DJC had 7% more COGS incurred as compared to ACC while at the end 1991, they were reduced by 40%. If DJC sets up manufacturing base in US Landscape, there will be substantial raw material cost reduction for DJC as compared to ACC. (2) Lower defect rate and greater efficiency- The quality losses for ACC is 1.6% against 0.7% of DJC. The defect rates at Sunnyvale’s are as high  as 26000ppm of production and its quality control is end product inspection as compared to process centric quality control in DJC. (3) Higher Fixed Asset utilization- The effective utilization of fixed assets (in %) for DJC is 75.4% as compared to mere 30.2% of ACC. (4) Lower Work In process inventory- Kawasaki Plant of DJC had processing lead times and work-in-process inventories averaging for only two days against high inventory levels of ACCâ⠂¬â„¢s Sunnyvale Plant. (5) Lower Raw Material Inventories- The raw material inventories of ACC averaged for 10.8 days which is more than double than DJC’s average of only 5 days, which in results in less inventory cost and reduced finished good cost. (6) Higher responsiveness to customer order delivery- Because of highly automated production process at Kawasaki plant of DJC, the speed of order delivery is one day whereas ACC works on batch production process which produces about 4,500 varieties of connectors, hence they have more than one day However, DJC will face a number of challenges in implementing its Kawasaki Factory model in USA which are mentioned below- (1) Customer Contacts- DJC would not be able to leverage its strength to the fullest in USA as it would have to compete in a new market with no major contacts. (2) Flexibility of Production process- Batch production process of ACC renders it great flexibility in terms of customization of products to its customers as compared to DJC. (3) Production and Inventory Control- There are 700 standard connector product lines in North America alone and ACC makes 4500 SKU’s and some product lines were run on almost continuously basis. So it would be very difficult for DJC to be able to maintain such long run times when they need to produce almost 8 times the number of varieties of connectors they produce at Kawasaki. (4) Finished Goods Inventory- DJC carries 56 days of finished goods inventory as compared to 38 days of ACC and given the short life cycles of electronics, DJC faces high risk of being obsolete. (5) Demand Variability- DJC’s product oriented layout operated on high volumes and low variety production, thus reducing costs. However USA does not have a certain demand for such high volume products. How big are the cost differences between DJC’s plant and ACC’s Sunnyvale plant? Consider both DJC’s performance in Kawasaki and its potential in the United States. To study the cost difference between DJC’s Plant and ACC’s  Sunnyvale plant, we need to remember the important fact that the two plants operate in an entirely different scenarios (Countries). Thus in order to bring in a direct comparison between the two the cost indices between United States and Japan in 1991 comes very handy. The various indices that compare Japan with US are given in the foll owing table Cost Indices (Us to Japan)

The Definitive Approach for List of Compare and Contrast Essay Topics

The Definitive Approach for List of Compare and Contrast Essay Topics The Ideal Approach for List of Compare and Contrast Essay Topics You can begin with the kind of topic you pick for your compare and contrast essay. If you must compose a compare and contrast essay, you should pick a superior topic you're likely to base the research on. For the technical part, you must ensure that your essay has no grammatical and orthographic errors. You are going to be able to write both summary essays and long essays also. Whether you are prepared to compose your compare and contrast essay or you're in the practice of inventing your very own catchy topic it would be of assistance to check out compare and contrast essay examples to have a very clear picture of exactly what you should write. Selecting the correct comparison and contrast essay topic is important for each author. Otherwise, you have to look at a number of the easy compare and contrast essay topics on the many scientific inn ovations. Since you may see, it is easy to invent an excellent topic for a compare and contrast essay all on your own, without a lot of trouble. The webpage has three fields that has to be filled in to produce good topics. Picking a topic, make certain you love it. Selecting a Topic for Comparison Essay In order to compose a great essay, first you want to get a great topic for it, i.e. a topic that allows you easily demonstrate your writing abilities and find a high grade easily. Whispered List of Compare and Contrast Essay Topics Secrets There are similarities no matter location, like the company chosen to observe the movie, and the movie itself. What's The Better Purchase Plasma TV Or LCD TV We dwell in a huge choice. Perhaps you thought it will be simple to select a topic by yourself, but the truth is that it is possible to wind up sitting with a blank paper for a number of hours. So now you understand how to pick the best compare and contrast topics and the various seg ments you want to address when writing. In your introduction write some sentences proving that there's a great reason behind comparison. You have a complete collection of things to compare. Despite the fact that you're just beginning to compose essays, you shouldn't struggle attempting to think of something to discuss. When you compose an essay on moral topics, describe the issue from various points of view, showing either side of the exact same problem. New Step by Step Roadmap for List of Compare and Contrast Essay Topics If you are making your own essay topic, then there should be an obvious foundation for comparison and the comparison should make logical sense. Once you establish the comparison items you needs to do some appropriate research in order to have sufficient info on both to be in a position to do a suitable comparison. Your comparison should really help somebody's understanding of the objects you're contrasting. The comparison and contrast tests basically adh ere to the exact same structure with any normal test. The Unexpected Truth About List of Compare and Contrast Essay Topics Essay writing is a job where a million thoughts cross your head in a moment, therefore it is always beneficial you have another revision. If you're writing an essay, then consider how you'll make a bigger point about both subjects being compared. A great topic is a laconic one that determines the issue clearly and makes you truly feel excited regarding the truth of writing. To begin with, in the same way as any other bit of academic writing, a comparative essay ought to have a goal. Each comparison has many layers which you will keep discovering as you write. The list below is almost sure to include things like a topic that's right for your class, regardless of what you're studying. The type of compare and contrast essay topic you select should always depict your degree of learning. If you're looking for an essay topic to receive your assignment off th e ground, the above mentioned choices can prove to be useful. You don't necessarily have to analyze the life span of people from precisely the same region or field of activity. You'll tackle unique issues and explain different situations as you attempt to locate the perfect answer. There is a range of interesting compare and contrast essay topics you're able to select from you can describe laws you want to create, to offer you some adjustments to already existing laws, or to suggest to cancel a law which you don't like for specific explanations. Some topics might have a connection to the law for instance, death penalty or abortion legalization. If you discover that you are trying hard to think of compare and contrast essay suggestions for your paper, then it's quite understandable, a lot of people do. You also know how to come across sources and the very best kind to utilize in your paper to allow it to be relevant and interesting. You may also order a fully written compare and contrast essay and alleviate the quantity of work you must do. You only have to order an excellent essay from experts with the greatest academic degrees in a number of fields. Therefore, if you're not acquainted with such requirements, you will go through different challenges as you attempt to finish your assignment. Choosing the right topics might take a while in case you don't have a list of sample topics before you. A number of the essay topics below may appear to contain subjects that don't have anything in common. If you would like to be sure you get a special topic for your essay, you may look through the overall directions of our topics and hunt to learn more on the web. The List of Compare and Contrast Essay Topics Trap Writing an excellent essay might be a bit of cake if you're feeling inspired. Picking out essay topics is most likely one of the most difficult things about writing an essay, whatever sort it is. Writing tips will allow you to organize the outli ne and compose the essay. There are several methods in which you are able to present your essay. The above mentioned compare and contrast essay topics are only a few of many topics it is possible to decide to go over in your essay. You have to be very careful as you pick a compare and contrast essay. There are a lot of possible compare and contrast essay topics, and a number of them are tough to perform.

The Battle Of Gilgamesh And The Story Of My Brother And I...

Roughly about 10 years ago, I had a traumatic experience happen in my life. My brother Jef at the age of 19 passed away due to a rare cancer called Ewing’s Sarcoma. This cancer was also located in a very rare place, his pelvic area. Ewing’s Sarcoma is a bone marrow eating cancer, which causes the individual to become more susceptible to diseases, viruses, and different infections as well as deteriorating his bones. My brother Jef fought the cancer very bravely going through several different surgeries, radiation, and chemotherapy and nothing worked. Unfortunately, because the cancer is so rare he was practically patient zero and the doctors were doing everything they could to try and save him. In the end he passed away at home shouting his final words of â€Å"Screw you cancer! If I die you’re going with me.† He was fairly dramatic in life and now that I look back, I can see that the story of Gilgamesh and the story of my brother and I as alike. In the story of Gilgamesh, Enkidu was turned away from nature, because of this he set out to find Gilgamesh and kill him. Upon finding him, he and Gilgamesh fought, but in the end, Gilgamesh won and offered a hand in friendship for Enkidu and accepted him for who he was. I compare this to my brother and I, not that we fought a lot, but for the fact that when we did â€Å"fight† we used our words and not our fists, considering I was 9 years younger than he was. But when we did call each other names it was more fun than anything. We would callShow MoreRelatedBeowulf - the Ideal Hero1948 Words   |  8 PagesAchilles, Beowulf, Gilgamesh, Samson and Heracles can all be characterized as heroes. However, each of these characters embodies different attributes that earn them the heroic distinction. This paper will seek to show that Beowulf is the most heroic figure based on his adherence to the heroic ethos. Also, the character of Gilgamesh will be used as a means of comparison to further showcase the heroic nature of Beowulf. The heroic ethos is a set of values that prioritize and glorify the valorRead More Beowulf - The Ideal Hero Essay1911 Words   |  8 Pages Achilles, Beowulf, Gilgamesh, Samson and Heracles can all be characterized as heroes. However, each of these characters embodies different attributes that earn them the heroic distinction. This paper will seek to show that Beowulf is the â€Å"most† heroic figure based on his adherence to the heroic ethos. Also, the character of Gilgamesh will be used as a means of comparison to further showcase the heroic nature of Beowulf. The heroic ethos is a set of values that prioritize and glorify the valor ofRead MoreMesopotamian Civilization : Mesopotamia The Land Of Rivers3727 Words   |  15 Pagesconsidered to be the cradle or birthplace of Western Society. Although most of the perception of their history is derived from famous texts and literary stories, there is also an equally important aspect of life in examining the everyday artifacts that civilization has left behind. We tend to focus on the more ostentatious kingships, mythological creation stories, and the advent of cuneiform, but it is also crucial to realize that there are also many smaller parts of civilization that make up an often overlooked